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Abstract Objective: To assess association between multimorbidity and use of health services in a population diagnosed with COVID-19, in southern Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from a longitudinal study carried out in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2021 with all adult individuals diagnosed with COVID-19; descriptive analyses were performed and presented as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI); Poisson regression was performed and reported as prevalence ratios (PR) in order to assess association between multimorbidity (3 or more diseases) and healthcare service use. Results: In total, 2,919 participants were included, of which 40.4% had multimorbidity (≥ 2 diseases); the adjusted results showed that individuals with multimorbidity were more likely to use most of the services assessed, PR = 3.21 (95%CI 1.40;7.37), for Emergency Rooms. Conclusion: Multimorbidity was associated with using different types of health services.
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre multimorbilidad y uso de servicios de salud en una población diagnosticada con COVID-19, en el Sur de Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de un estudio longitudinal realizado en la ciudad de Río Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, en el año 2021, con todos los individuos adultos diagnosticados con COVID-19; se realizaron análisis descriptivos y se presentaron como proporciones con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%); se realizó una regresión de Poisson y se informó como razón de prevalencia (PR). Resultados: En total se incluyeron 2.919 participantes, de los cuales el 40,4% presentaba multimorbilidad (≥ 2 doenças); los resultados ajustados mostraron que los individuos con multimorbilidad tenían mayor probabilidad de utilizar la mayoría de los servicios evaluados, RP = 3,21 (IC95% 1,40;7,37) para unidades Primeros auxilios. Conclusión: La multimorbilidad se asoció con el uso de diferentes tipos de servicios de salud.
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre multimorbidade e uso de serviços de saúde em uma população diagnosticada com covid-19, no Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, utilizando-se dados de um estudo longitudinal realizado na cidade de Rio Grande, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2021, com todos os indivíduos adultos diagnosticados com covid-19; análises descritivas foram realizadas e apresentadas como proporções com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%); a regressão de Poisson foi realizada e relatada como razão de prevalências (RP), para avaliar a associação entre multimorbidade e utilização de serviços de saúde. Resultados: Dos 2.919 participantes, 40,4% apresentavam multimorbidade (≥ 2 doenças); os resultados ajustados mostraram que indivíduos com multimorbidade (3 ou mais doenças) apresentaram maior probabilidade de utilização da maioria dos serviços avaliados (RP = 3,21; IC95% 1,40;7,37) em unidades de pronto-socorro. Conclusão: A multimorbidade esteve associada à utilização de diferentes tipos de serviços de saúde.
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INTRODUCTION: Multimorbidity has emerged as a major healthcare challenge in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India and Brazil. Life course epidemiology suggests that adverse events in early life contribute to an individual's later health in adulthood. However, little is known about the influence of early life health and social factors on the development of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs. We aimed to explore the association of adult multimorbidity with childhood health and social disadvantages among two LMICs, India and Brazil. METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of older adults aged ≥50 years using nationally representative surveys from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-2018 (n=51 481) and 'Estudo Longitudinal da Saude e Bem-Estar dos Idosos Brasileirous', 2015-2016 (n=8730). We estimated the prevalence of multimorbidity along with 95% CI as a measure of uncertainty for all weighted proportions. Log link in generalised linear model was used to assess the association between childhood health and disadvantages with multimorbidity, reported as adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 25.53% and 55.24% in India and Brazil, respectively. Participants who perceived their childhood health as poor and missed school for a month or more due to illness had the highest level of multimorbidity across both countries. After adjusting for age and gender, a significant association between adult multimorbidity and poor self-rated childhood health (APR: (India: 1.38, 1.16 to 1.65) and (Brazil: 1.19, 1.09 to 1.30)); and missed school for a month due to illness (AOR: (India: 1.73, 1.49 to 2.01) and (Brazil: 1.16, 1.08 to 1.25)) was observed. CONCLUSION: Early life health, educational and economic disadvantages are associated with adult multimorbidity and appear to contribute to the later course of life. A life course approach to the prevention of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs may be useful in health programmes and policies.
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Envelhecimento , Multimorbidade , Criança , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Índia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Doença CrônicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is influenced by social determinants of health. However, the specific structural and intermediary determinants of TB in Eastern Amazonia remain unclear. Despite being rich in natural resources, the region faces significant challenges related to poverty, inequality, and neglected diseases. The objective of this study was to use mathematical modeling to evaluate the influence of structural and intermediary determinants of health on TB in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional included all TB cases diagnosed and registered in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) from 2001 to 2017. Data on social determinants were collected at the census tract level. The generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) framework was employed to identify the effect of social determinants on communities with a high TB prevalence. The Double Poisson distribution (DPO) was chosen, and inclusion of quadratic effects was tested. RESULTS: A total of 1730 individuals were diagnosed with TB and reported in SINAN during the analyzed period. The majority were female (59.3%), aged 31 to 59 years (47.6%), identified as blacks (67.9%), and had incomplete elementary education (46.6%). The prevalence of alcoholism was 8.6% and mental illness was 0.7%. GAMLSS analyses demonstrated that the risk of community incidence of TB is associated with the proportion of the population lacking basic sanitation, as well as with the age groups of 16-31 years and > 61 years. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the strategic utility of GAMLSS in identifying high-risk areas for TB. Models should encompass a broader range of social determinants to inform policies aimed at reducing inequality and achieving the goals of the End TB strategy.
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RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados à concordância com a flexibilização das medidas de proteção no Brasil durante a pandemia pela COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal, com dados de uma web survey realizada com adultos residentes no Brasil, entre agosto de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021. Resultados: dos 1.516 respondentes, a maioria possuía idade entre 40 a 59 anos (38,8%), sexo feminino (69,4%), nível de pós-graduação (48%), raça/cor branca (64,2%), separados/solteiros (48,3%). A maioria dos participantes concordou com as medidas de flexibilização (41,1%), todavia consideraram os ambientes nada ou pouco adequados para a retomada das atividades cotidianas (com exceção dos locais abertos para atividades físicas). As medidas implementadas pelo Estado durante a pandemia por COVID-19 também foram tidas como pouco e nada adequadas. Houve mais chance de concordância com as medidas de flexibilização entre as pessoas que moravam/conviviam com trabalhadores expostos ao risco de contrair a COVID-19. Conclusão: de modo geral, houve concordância às medidas de flexibilização no país. Morar/conviver com trabalhadores expostos ao risco de contrair a COVID-19 foi o principal fator associado à maior chance de concordar com as medidas de flexibilização, o que sinaliza a carga biopsicossocial trazida pela doença.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a la conformidad con la flexibilización de las medidas de protección en Brasil durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal, con datos de una websurvey realizada con adultos residentes en Brasil, entre agosto de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Resultados: de los 1.516 encuestados, la mayoría poseía edad entre 40 y 59 años (38,8%), sexo femenino (69,4%), nivel de posgrado (48%), raza/color blanco (64,2%), separados/solteros (48,3%). La mayoría de los participantes estuvo de acuerdo con las medidas de flexibilización (41,1%), sin embargo, consideraron los ambientes nada o poco adecuados para la reanudación de las actividades cotidianas (con excepción de los locales abiertos para actividades físicas). Las medidas aplicadas por el Estado durante la pandemia de COVID-19 también fueron consideradas poco y nada adecuadas. La conformidad con las medidas de flexibilización se dio más entre las personas que vivían/convivían con trabajadores expuestos al riesgo de contraer la COVID-19. Conclusión: en general, hubo concordancia con las medidas de flexibilización en el país. Vivir/convivir con trabajadores expuestos al riesgo de contraer la COVID-19 fue el principal factor asociado a la mayor probabilidad de concordar con las medidas de flexibilización, lo que señala la carga biopsicosocial ocasionada por la enfermedad.
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with agreement with the flexibility of protection measures in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: cross-sectional study with data from a websurvey conducted with adults living in Brazil, between August 2020 and February 2021. Results: of the 1,516 respondents, the majority were aged between 40 and 59 years (38.8%), female (69.4%), graduate level (48%), white race/color (64.2%), separated/single (48.3%). Most participants agreed with the flexibility measures (41.1%), but considered the environments not suitable or inadequate for the resumption of daily activities (except for places open for physical activities). The measures implemented by the State during the COVID-19 pandemic were also seen as nothing and inadequate. There was a greater chance of agreement with the flexibility measures among people who lived with workers exposed to the risk of contracting COVID-19. Conclusion: in general, there was agreement to the flexibility measures in the country. Living/living with workers exposed to the risk of contracting COVID-19 was the main factor associated with the greater chance of agreeing with the flexibility measures, which signals the biopsychosocial burden brought by the disease.
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to visualize and classify the time series of COVID-19, tuberculosis (TB) notification, and TB outcomes (cure, treatment abandonment, and death), verify the impact of the new coronavirus pandemic on these indices in Brazil, and verify the presence of spatial autocorrelation between COVID-19 and TB. METHODS: This was an ecological time series study that considered TB and COVID-19 cases. Seasonal Trend Decomposition using Loess (STL) was used to trace the temporal trend, Prais-Winsten was used to classify the temporal trend, Interrupted Time Series (ITS) was used to verify the impact of COVID-19 on TB rates, and the Bivariate Moran Index (Global and Local) was used to verify the spatial autocorrelation of events. RESULTS: Brazil and its macro-regions showed an increasing temporal trend for the notification of TB in the pre-pandemic period. Only the Northeast Region showed a decreasing temporal trend for cured cases. For treatment abandonment, all regions except for the Northeast showed an increasing temporal trend, and regarding death, Brazil and the Northeast Region showed an increasing temporal trend. With the ITS, COVID-19 caused a decline in TB notification rates and TB outcome rates. With the global spatial analysis, it was possible to identify the existence of spatial autocorrelation between the notification rate of COVID-19 and the TB notification rate and deaths. With the local analysis, it was possible to map the Brazilian municipalities and classify them according to the relationship between the rates of both diseases and space. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 influenced the follow-up of and adherence to TB treatment and intensified social vulnerability and, consequently, affected the notification of TB since the relationship between the disease and social determinants of health is already known. The restoration and strengthening of essential services for the prevention and detection of cases and treatment of TB in endemic environments such as Brazil have been oriented as a priority in the global health agenda.
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OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 in adults aged 20-59 years; 2) to assess inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 according to educational level. METHODS: Data from two cross-sectional surveys from the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013 and 2019 were used. Multimorbidity was assessed from 14 lifetime self-reported morbidities (except back problems) and defined using the cutoff point of ≥2 diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity and individual morbidities were described according to gender, age, skin color, and education. For education, crude, and relative inequalities in prevalence of multimorbidity were calculated using the Slope Index of Inequality and the Concentration Index, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased from 18.7% (95%CI 18.0-19.3) in 2013 to 22.3% (95%CI 21.7-22.9) in 2019, being higher among women and adults between 30-59 years in both periods. Asthma/bronchitis, depression, and back problems were the conditions that increased the most in the study period. Absolute and relative inequalities by education status were observed in the study period, with worse multimorbidity profiles among the less educated. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased between 2013 and 2019. Inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity were observed according to educational level.
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Multimorbidade , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Prevalência , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Objective: The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 in adults aged 20-59 years; 2) to assess inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 according to educational level. Methods: Data from two cross-sectional surveys from the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013 and 2019 were used. Multimorbidity was assessed from 14 lifetime self-reported morbidities (except back problems) and defined using the cutoff point of ≥2 diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity and individual morbidities were described according to gender, age, skin color, and education. For education, crude, and relative inequalities in prevalence of multimorbidity were calculated using the Slope Index of Inequality and the Concentration Index, respectively. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased from 18.7% (95%CI 18.0-19.3) in 2013 to 22.3% (95%CI 21.7-22.9) in 2019, being higher among women and adults between 30-59 years in both periods. Asthma/bronchitis, depression, and back problems were the conditions that increased the most in the study period. Absolute and relative inequalities by education status were observed in the study period, with worse multimorbidity profiles among the less educated. Conclusion: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased between 2013 and 2019. Inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity were observed according to educational level.
RESUMO: Objetivos: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) estimar a prevalência de multimorbidade nos anos de 2013 e 2019 em adultos de 18 a 59 anos; 2) avaliar as desigualdades na prevalência de multimorbidade em 2013 e 2019, de acordo com a escolaridade. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados de dois inquéritos transversais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013 e 2019. A multimorbidade foi avaliada a partir de 14 morbidades autorreferidas a partir de diagnóstico médico na vida (exceto problema na coluna) e definida usando-se o ponto de corte de ≥ 2 doenças. As prevalências de multimorbidade e morbidades individuais foram descritas de acordo com sexo, idade, cor da pele e escolaridade. Desigualdades brutas e relativas nas prevalências conforme a escolaridade foram calculadas utilizando-se o Slope Index of Inequality e o Concentration Index, respectivamente. Resultados: A prevalência de multimorbidade aumentou de 18,7% (IC95% 18,0-19,3), em 2013, para 22,3% (IC95% 21,7-22,9), em 2019, sendo maior entre mulheres e adultos entre 30 e 59 anos em ambos os períodos. Asma/bronquite, depressão e problemas na coluna foram as condições que mais aumentaram no período. Desigualdades absolutas e relativas foram observadas, com prevalências superiores entre os menos escolarizados e sem diferença entre os anos. Conclusões: A prevalência de multimorbidade aumentou no período de 2013 a 2019. Desigualdades na prevalência de multimorbidade foram observadas de acordo com a escolaridade.
